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From Joseph Pancoast: "A Treatise on Operative Surgery", Philadelphia, 1852.
Plate 24 (of 80) from Joseph Pancoast's "A Treatise on Operative Surgery" (1844, revised edition 1852), showing how to perform surgery on a cranial fracture. Probably, Pancoast himself did some of the original drawings from which the lithographs of this book were made. Many of the operations Pancoast described were originally made without anesthesia, which was not introduced until around 1846. Pancoast was also a pioneer within plastic surgery.